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society is still very contingent on inratnel politics and economics."Over and over, we see how devotion to a group, clan, or nation, has overwhelmed what might otherwise have seemed to be the individual's self-interest."This needn't even be altogether a bad thing. You could as well be describing heroism or altruism. The real perversion comes when devotion to a tribe overwhelms not only the individual self-interest, but even the long term prospects of the tribe."The battles over inclusion that were fought in each generation (first against class division, then slavery, sexism, religious intolerance, racism) tend to seem obvious to their children, who grow up within the newly-widened horizon set then wrestle with the next stage of the process."Yes, but these social ills are not actually eradicated before moving on to the next stage. This is something like suppressing a disease -- unless countermeasures such as inoculation and public hygiene are near universal, reservoirs of disease tend to persist and break out periodically. The question is, to what extent do countermeasures against social ills need to be mandated in order to be effective?"But the doctrinaire left is just as loopy. Because they take expanded horizons as a deeply fundamental given' of human morality. Like Rousseau, they simply ASSUME, as something basic, a value system that is actually extremely recent and entirely contingent."Just what is your idea of the "doctrinaire left", David (given that a certain percentage of crazies will be found in any sort of grouping)? It is true, I think, that the old-fashioned socialist Left came from a belief that, given a requisite level of economic security and of economic and political democracy, most people would choose cooperation over competition. Contingency was always a fundamental part of the equation, though.Now if you are talking about the Identity Politics Left, well, those people preach universalism, but practice tribalism. Unfortunately, that is also the only part of the leftist programme that is actively supported by your much-admired "centrists"."On the other hand, if one takes history into account and cheerfully accepts the incremental progress that it portrays, then the Modernist Agenda of pragmatic improvement makes a great deal of sense."Mmm. I think you could make an argument that like biological evolution, social change often occurs in a punctuated rather than an incremental manner. Sometimes for better, sometimes for worse. Granted, an incremental approach may usually be safer, but it can also be a mug's game. For instance, I believe that an incremental approach to universal health care will probably look like an asymptotic curve, both in terms of the expense of extending a broken system, and in terms of decreasing political support for achieving the last percentiles of coverage. Also, you might rethink the notion of starting with coverage for children only. Who takes care of a child if the parent is sick, dead or simply impoverished?


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